A mathematical model of microglia glucose metabolism and lactylation with positive feedback

In this paper, we present and analyze a model for metabolism and lactylation in a single microglia. The model includes positive feedback from lactylation in the glycolytic pathway, and links metabolism and inflammation. Specific pathways include the transition of glucose to pyruvate to lactate in a microglia, as well as the gradient transport of glucose and lactate into and out of the cell. Additionally, the upregulation of certain pathways by either epigenetic modification or the inflammatory response are included. Bifurcation and sensitivity analyses demonstrate the importance of key parameters and pathways in the model, specifically the role of lactylation. Our model is validated by qualitatively reproducing recent in vitro experiments in which exogenous glucose and lactate are modified.