A Review of Conceptual Models for Assistive Technology Outcomes Research and Practice

Conceptual models provide a theoretical basis for advancing scientific knowledge and improving professional practice. Although numerous assistive technology–related models have appeared in the literature, there has been no systematic effort to assess them. Six conceptual models are reviewed here: Cook and Hussey's Human-Activity–Assistive Technology model; the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health; Scherer's Matching Person and Technology model; Gitlin's model of an AT user's “career”; social cognition decision-making theories; and Rogers' Perceived Attributes Theory. The models are reviewed in terms of six domains: background and goals; descriptive characteristics; indication of outcome measures; predictive characteristics; validation in the literature; and utility to assistive technology practitioners, developers, and consumers. The salient strengths and limitations are highlighted for each. Application of the models to advance theory, research, and practice is discussed.