Analyses of organic residue from a conical pipe from the Niles-Wolford Mound (33Pi3), Pickaway County, Ohio

The Niles-Wolford Mound (33Pi3) was a conical Adena burial mound located along the Scioto River in Jackson Township, Pickaway County, Ohio. Excavations conducted in 1955 by the Ohio History Connection resulted in the discovery of a subfloor tomb with three burials. A tubular pipe found in association with one of the burials contained charred organic residue. Macrobotonical analysis of the material identified root or bark within the sample. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses detected the presence of various compounds, including an alkaloid. Radiocarbon dating places the mound to circa 2120 ± 30 BP. This research furthers our understanding of the timing, geographical extent, and ceremonial contexts of prehistoric plant tobacco use by the Adena culture and demonstrates the importance of museum collections for addressing such questions.