Associations of Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive Levels Among Chinese Empty- and Non-Empty-Nesters: Exploring the Mediating Role of Residential Regions

Using panel data from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we explored the impact of depressive symptoms on cognitive levels among middle-aged and older Chinese adults while considering the potential mediating role of residential regions in this relationship. Our findings consistently demonstrate a negative impact of depressive symptoms on cognitive levels, with variations among middle-aged and older adults in urban and rural areas of China. Mediation analysis indicated that residential regions altered the extent of influence exerted by depressive symptoms on cognitive levels, thus serving as a mediator. Specifically, our investigation into the relationships of residential regions, depressive symptoms, and cognitive levels among empty-nesters revealed more pronounced effects and stronger underlying mechanisms. Based on these results, we advocate targeted interventions and subsidies tailored to the specific needs of empty-nesters and socially isolated older individuals. These interventions should aim to mitigate and prevent cognitive decline in this vulnerable population.