Closed-form expression for the combined effect of offset, gain, timing, and bandwidth mismatch in time-interleaved ADCs using generalized sampling

The performance of a time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TI-ADC) gets compromised due to offset, gain mismatch, timing mismatch, and bandwidth mismatch. This article analyzes a TI-ADC from a generalized sampling perspective and then develops closed-form expression of the signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) of an N-channel TI-ADC when all of gain mismatch, timing mismatch, and bandwidth mismatch are present at the same time. The analysis is then extended to incorporate the effect of offset along with the other three mismatches to arrive at closed-form expression of SNDR in the presence of all the mismatches. The closed-form expressions have been validated through numerical simulations as well.