Colonization factors of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from children in North India

Colonization factor antigens (CFAs) mediate attachment of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) to the intestinal mucosa and induce protective immunity against ETEC diarrhea. ETEC strains (n = 111) isolated from North Indian children from 1985 to 1989 were examined for CFAs and putative colonization factors (PCFs). CFA/IV was the most common factor (26%), followed by coli surface antigen 17 (CS17) (19%), CFA/I (14%), PCFO166 (7%), and CFA/II (5%), while 24% of the isolates were negative for CFAs and PCFs. Among the stains producing heat-stable and heat-labile toxin (ST⁺LT⁺ strains), the STaI gene was strongly associated with the absence of known CFAs and PCFs, making the STaI⁺LT⁺ isolates an interesting target for the identification of previously undescribed factors. Repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction revealed that the CS17⁺ strains, although clonally related, represented endemically circulating strains with a diversity greater than that of the CFA/I⁺ strains, which showed a substantial clonal clustering.