Diagnostic use of ultrasonography in carpal tunnel syndrome and its correlation with the Chinese version of boston carpal tunnel questionnaire

Introduction: There were yet no correlation studies performed between ultrasound and the Chinese version of Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (C-BCTQ). Besides, controversies still remain regarding the correlation between ultrasound and different language versions of BCTQ. Purpose of the Study: To examine whether ultrasound can (i) reflect symptom severity and/or functional status, (ii) differentiate primary/secondary symptom, and (iii) correlate with subscale items in C-BCTQ. Methods: Forty-two Chinese female individuals (aged 58.84 ± 9.02 years) with 73 hands were enrolled in the study. Factor analysis was used to identify the hidden factors of C-BCTQ. Correlations were examined between hidden factors, relevant subscale items of C-BCTQ, and ultrasound. Results: Three factors were identified as Factor One (functional status, 36.534%), Two (sensory symptoms, 15.057%) and Three (pain, 11.867%), with 63.458% of total variance explained in C-BCTQ. All the ultrasound parameters were positively correlated with Factor One (r = 0.29-0.411, P < 0.05), while no correlations were found with Factor Two and Three. Meanwhile, correlation between wrist cross-sectional area and functional status scale (FSS) was also found (W-CSA, r = 0.266, P = 0.023), whereas no correlation was found with symptom severity scale (SSS), subscales of primary symptom (Paresthesia) and secondary symptom (pain) related items in C-BCTQ. Conclusion: Morphological information via ultrasound can reflect the impact on functionality that carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) exerted. However, it can be used neither to describe symptom severity nor differentiate primary/secondary symptom of CTS.