Effect of crystalloid administration on oxygen extraction in endotoxemic pigs

We asked whether crystalloid administration improves tissue oxygen extraction in endotoxicosis. Four groups of anesthetized pigs (n = 8/group) received either normal saline infusion or no saline and either endotoxin or no endotoxin. We measured whole body (WB) and gut oxygen delivery and consumption during hemorrhage to determine the critical oxygen extraction ratio (ER(O₂crit)). Just after onset of ischemia (critical oxygen delivery rate), gut was removed for determination of area fraction of interstitial edema and capillary hematocrit. Radiolabeled microspheres were used to determine erythrocyte transit time for the gut. Endotoxin decreased WB ER(O₂crit) (0.82 ± 0.06 to 0.55 ± 0.08, P < 0.05) and gut ER(O₂crit) (0.77 ± 0.07 to 0.52 ± 0.06, P < 0.05). Unexpectedly, saline administration also decreased WB ER(O₂crit) (0.82 ± 0.06 to 0.62 ± 0.08, P < 0.05) and gut ER(O₂crit) (0.77 ± 0.07 to 0.67 ± 0.06, P < 0.05) in nonendotoxin pigs. Saline administration increased the area fraction of interstitial space (P < 0.05) and resulted in arterial hemodilution (P < 0.05) but not capillary hemodilution (P > 0.05). Saline increased the relative dispersion of erythrocyte transit times from 0.33 ± 0.08 to 0.72 ± 0.53 (P < 0.05). Thus saline administration impairs tissue oxygen extraction possibly by increasing interstitial edema or increasing heterogeneity of microvascular erythrocyte transit times.