Evaluation and Modification of the SES Random Error Procedure

Testing the influence of random error is important for most cross-cultural studies. This paper evaluates Witkowski's test procedure and random error hypotheses. Using his own methods, we found little support for his hypotheses. The Lazarsfeld Method of Elaboration exposes defects in the random error hypothesis statements and test procedure. When these are modified, Witkowski's system proves tenable, We suggest that the Method of Elaboration improves investigation of the quality control test variable role for both random and systematic error.