Examining user engagement and use of fitness tracking technology through the lens of technology affordances

The promise of fitness tracking technology in promoting positive health behaviours lies in its ability to allow users to track their physical activity, receive personalised feedback, and connect with other users. Previous studies have examined predictors of fitness tracker use and antecedents of user engagement. However, little is known about how technology affordances of fitness trackers motivate individuals to engage with the technology and whether the engagement can lead to fitness tracker use. Guided by the Motivational Technology Model (MTM) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT), this study examines the interplay among technology affordances (interactivity, navigability, and customisation) and psychological needs (relatedness, competence, and autonomy) to predict engagement with and use of fitness trackers. Using a sample of 970 American adults, we found that technology affordances significantly increased individuals’ sense of autonomy, competence, and relatedness, which in turn led to increased engagement with and use of fitness trackers. Among the three technology affordances, customisation had a direct effect on user engagement. Theoretical implications related to the MTM and the design implications of fitness tracking technology are discussed.