H. mucosal-associated invariant and Vγ9Vδ2 T cells

Targeting conventional T cell memory with Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination has demonstrated variable efficacy and non-durable protection against active Tuberculosis (TB) disease [1-4]. Despite mimicking natural peptide-specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell immunity acquired during chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, BCG as well as several investigational candidate vaccines have largely failed to confer reproducible, life-long protection in adults [5]. Importantly, individuals cured of active TB can still develop recurrent active infection, demonstrating that natural immunity may not be consistently protective [6-8].