Hydrodynamics and Nucleosynthesis of Jet-driven Supernovae. II. Comparisons with Abundances of Extremely Metal-poor Galaxies and Constraints on Supernova Progenitors

The spectra of several galaxies, including extremely metal-poor galaxies from EMPRESS, have shown that the abundances of some Si-group elements differ from “spherical” explosion models of massive stars. This leads to the speculation that these galaxies have experienced supernova explosions with high asphericity, where mixing and fallback of the inner ejecta with the outer material lead to the distinctive chemical compositions. In this paper, we consider the jet-driven supernova models by direct 2D hydrodynamics simulations using progenitors of about 20–25 M_e at zero metallicity. We investigate how the abundance patterns depend on the progenitor mass, mass cut, and asphericity of the explosion. We compare the observable with available supernova and galaxy catalogs based on ⁵⁶Ni, ejecta mass, and individual element ratios. The proximity of our results with the observational data signifies the importance of aspherical supernova explosions in chemical evolution of these galaxies. Our models will provide the theoretical counterpart for understanding the chemical abundances of high-z galaxies measured by the James Webb Space Telescope.