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IceTop: The surface component of IceCube

  • R. Abbasi
  • , Y. Abdou
  • , M. Ackermann
  • , J. Adams
  • , J. A. Aguilar
  • , M. Ahlers
  • , D. Altmann
  • , K. Andeen
  • , J. Auffenberg
  • , X. Bai
  • , M. Baker
  • , S. W. Barwick
  • , V. Baum
  • , R. Bay
  • , K. Beattie
  • , J. J. Beatty
  • , S. Bechet
  • , J. Becker Tjus
  • , K. H. Becker
  • , M. Bell
  • M. L. Benabderrahmane, S. Benzvi, J. Berdermann, P. Berghaus, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Bertrand, D. Z. Besson, D. Bindig, M. Bissok, E. Blaufuss, J. Blumenthal, D. J. Boersma, C. Bohm, D. Bose, S. Böser, O. Botner, L. Brayeur, A. M. Brown, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, S. Buitink, K. S. Caballero-Mora, M. Carson, J. Casey, M. Casier, D. Chirkin, B. Christy, F. Clevermann, S. Cohen, D. F. Cowen, A. H. Cruz Silva, M. Danninger, J. Daughhetee, J. C. Davis, C. De Clercq, F. Descamps, P. Desiati, G. De Vries-Uiterweerd, T. Deyoung, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, J. Dreyer, J. P. Dumm, M. Dunkman, R. Eagan, J. Eisch, C. Elliott, R. W. Ellsworth, O. Engdegård, S. Euler, P. A. Evenson, O. Fadiran, A. R. Fazely, A. Fedynitch, J. Feintzeig, T. Feusels, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, T. Fischer-Wasels, S. Flis, A. Franckowiak, R. Franke, K. Frantzen, T. Fuchs, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, L. Gerhardt, L. Gladstone, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. A. Goodman, D. Góra, D. Grant, A. Groß, S. Grullon, M. Gurtner, C. Ha, A. Haj Ismail, A. Hallgren, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, D. Heereman, P. Heimann, D. Heinen, K. Helbing, R. Hellauer, S. Hickford, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, A. Homeier, K. Hoshina, W. Huelsnitz, P. O. Hulth, K. Hultqvist, S. Hussain, A. Ishihara, E. Jacobi, J. Jacobsen, G. S. Japaridze, O. Jlelati, H. Johansson, A. Kappes, T. Karg, A. Karle, J. Kiryluk, F. Kislat, J. Kläs, S. R. Klein, S. Klepser, J. H. Köhne, G. Kohnen, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, M. Kowalski, M. Krasberg, G. Kroll, J. Kunnen, N. Kurahashi, T. Kuwabara, M. Labare, K. Laihem, H. Landsman, M. J. Larson, R. Lauer, M. Lesiak-Bzdak, J. Lünemann, J. Madsen, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, H. S. Matis, A. McDermott, F. McNally, K. Meagher, M. Merck, P. Mészáros, T. Meures, S. Miarecki, E. Middell, N. Milke, J. Miller, L. Mohrmann, T. Montaruli, R. Morse, S. M. Movit, R. Nahnhauer, U. Naumann, P. Nießen, S. C. Nowicki, D. R. Nygren, A. Obertacke, S. Odrowski, A. Olivas, M. Olivo, A. O'Murchadha, S. Panknin, L. Paul, J. A. Pepper, C. Pérez De Los Heros, D. Pieloth, N. Pirk, J. Posselt, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, L. Rädel, K. Rawlins, P. Redl, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Ribordy, M. Richman, B. Riedel, J. P. Rodrigues, J. Roth, F. Rothmaier, C. Rott, C. Roucelle, T. Ruhe, D. Rutledge, B. Ruzybayev, D. Ryckbosch, S. M. Saba, T. Salameh, H. G. Sander, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, K. Schatto, M. Scheel, F. Scheriau, T. Schmidt, M. Schmitz, S. Schoenen, S. Schöneberg, L. Schönherr, A. Schönwald, A. Schukraft, L. Schulte, O. Schulz, D. Seckel, S. H. Seo, Y. Sestayo, S. Seunarine, L. Shulman, M. W.E. Smith, M. Soiron, D. Soldin, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, A. Stasik, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, A. Stößl, S. Stoyanov, E. A. Strahler, R. Ström, K. H. Sulanke, G. W. Sullivan, H. Taavola, I. Taboada, A. Tamburro, S. Ter-Antonyan, S. Tilav, P. A. Toale, S. Toscano, M. Usner, D. Van Der Drift, N. Van Eijndhoven, A. Van Overloop, J. Van Santen, M. Vehring, M. Voge, C. Walck, T. Waldenmaier, M. Wallraff, M. Walter, R. Wasserman, Ch Weaver, C. Wendt, S. Westerhoff, N. Whitehorn, K. Wiebe, C. H. Wiebusch, D. R. Williams, H. Wissing, M. Wolf, T. R. Wood, K. Woschnagg, C. Xu, D. L. Xu, X. W. Xu, J. P. Yanez, G. Yodh, S. Yoshida, P. Zarzhitsky, J. Ziemann, A. Zilles, M. Zoll
  • University of Wisconsin-Madison
  • Ghent University
  • German Electron Synchrotron
  • University of Canterbury
  • University of Geneva
  • Humboldt University of Berlin
  • University of Delaware
  • South Dakota School of Mines & Technology
  • University of California at Irvine
  • Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
  • University of California at Berkeley
  • Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
  • Ohio State University
  • Université libre de Bruxelles
  • Ruhr University Bochum
  • University of Wuppertal
  • Pennsylvania State University
  • University of Maryland, College Park
  • University of Kansas
  • RWTH Aachen University
  • Stockholm University
  • Vrije Universiteit Brussel
  • University of Bonn
  • Uppsala University
  • Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne
  • Georgia Institute of Technology
  • TU Dortmund University
  • Southern University and A&M College
  • University of Alberta
  • Technical University of Munich
  • University of Adelaide
  • Los Alamos National Laboratory
  • Chiba University
  • Clark Atlanta University
  • Universite de Mons
  • University of Alabama
  • Stony Brook University
  • University of Wisconsin-River Falls
  • National Institute for Nuclear Physics
  • University of Alaska Anchorage
  • University of Oxford
  • The University of the West Indies
  • NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

236 Scopus citations

Abstract

IceTop, the surface component of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole, is an air shower array with an area of 1 km2. The detector allows a detailed exploration of the mass composition of primary cosmic rays in the energy range from about 100 TeV to 1 EeV by exploiting the correlation between the shower energy measured in IceTop and the energy deposited by muons in the deep ice. In this paper we report on the technical design, construction and installation, the trigger and data acquisition systems as well as the software framework for calibration, reconstruction and simulation. Finally the first experience from commissioning and operating the detector and the performance as an air shower detector will be discussed.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)188-220
Number of pages33
JournalNuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A
Volume700
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 21 2013

Keywords

  • Air shower
  • Cosmic rays
  • Detector
  • IceCube
  • IceTop

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