Incorporating artificial intelligence into medical cyber physical systems: A survey

Medical Cyber Physical Systems (MCPSs) prescribe a platform in which patient health information is acquired by the emerging Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, pre-processed locally, and processed via advanced machine intelligence algorithms in the cloud. The emergence of MCPSs holds the promise to revolutionize remote patient healthcare monitoring, accelerate the development of new drugs or treatments, and improve the quality-of-life for patients who are suffering from various medical conditions among other various applications. The amount of raw medical data gathered through the IoT sensors in an MCPS provides a rich platform that artificial intelligence algorithms can use to provide decision support for either medical experts or patients. In this paper, we provide an overview of MCPSs and the data flow through these systems. This includes how raw physiological signals are converted into features and are used by machine intelligence algorithms, the types of algorithms available for the healthcare domain, how the data and the decision support output are presented to the end user, and how all of these steps are completed in a secure fashion to preserve the privacy of the users.