Infection-induced expansion of a MHC class Ib-dependent intestinal intraepithelial γδ T cell subset

Salmonella species invade the host via the intestinal epithelium. Hence, intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIELs) are potentially the first element of the immune system to encounter Salmonella during infection. In this study, we demonstrate, in a mouse model, the expansion of a CD8αβ ⁺CD94^-TCRγδ⁺ T cell subset within the iIEL population in response to oral infection with virulent or avirulent Salmonella. This population can be detected 3 days following infection, represents up to 15% of the TCRγδ^- iIELs, and is dependent on the MHC class Ib molecule T23 (Qa-1). Qa-1 is expressed by intestinal epithelial cells and thus accessible for iIEL recognition. Such cells may play a role in the early immune response to Salmonella.