Internal financing, managerial compensation and multiple tasks

We study the optimal capital budgeting policy of a firm taking into account the choice between internal and external financing. The manager can dedicate effort either to increase short-term profitability, thus generating greater immediate cash-flow, or to improve long-term perspectives. When both types of effort are observable, low productivity firms end up using internal funds, while high productivity firms use external capital markets. When effort to boost short-term cash flow is observable, while effort to boost long-term profitability is not, non-monotonic policies may be optimal. In such cases financing switches back and forth between internal and external funds as the quality of the project increases.