Is medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with tumor necrosis factor-α inhibition?

Objective: This article reviews the literature and evidence of the association of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw with tumor necrosis factor-α inhibition. Methods: A systematic review was performed using electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase) using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Key terms were used in the search. No restrictions were placed on publication status. Selection criteria comprised all levels of available evidence. Articles in the English language were selected up to and including July 2020. Reference lists of relevant studies were searched for additional articles. Articles were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Findings from eligible studies were extracted by one reviewer and confirmed by a second. Disagreements were settled through discussion. Results: The initial search of the key terms yielded 2107 articles. There were 1192 articles remaining after removal of duplicates and addition of 6 articles that were hand-selected from among reference lists of relevant studies. There were 12 eligible articles after screening. The full texts were read, and 5 articles were included on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Conclusions: Further research is required to determine an association of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw and tumor necrosis factor-α inhibition.