MODEL TESTS OF COOLING WATER STRUCTURES. WAVE INDUCED FORCES - BOTTOM-PROTECTION-INTERNAL HYDRAULICS

TESTS WERE PERFORMED USING A 1/50 SCALE MODEL, TO DETERMINE THE MAXIMUM DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE AND THE PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION ON THE INTAKE STRUCTURE ROOF INDUCED BY THE PASSAGE OF WAVES.THE MAXIMUM PRESSURE RESULTED FROM BREAKING WAVES IN THE VICINITY OF THE STRUCTURE.THE WAVES HAD PERIODS IN THE 7-8 SEC RANGE, DEPENDENT ON THE WATER DEPTH.SLIGHT REDUCTIONS IN PRESSURE WERE OBSERVED WHEN ACCESS HATCHES IN THE ROOF WERE OPEN AND SIMILAR REDUCTIONS WERE DUE TO INTERIOR SUPPORTS.THE DISCHARGE STRUCTURES SHOWED SIMILAR RESULTS EXCEPT THE DEPENDENCE OF THE PRESSURE ON THE DEPTH WAS NOT AS GREAT AND THE PRESSURE WAS DEPENDENT ON THE WAVE PROPAGATION DIRECTION.USING THE 1/75 THERMAL MODEL, IT WAS DETERMINED THAT THE DISCHARGE JETS WOULD SERIOUSLY SCOUR THE LAKE BOTTOM.TESTS WERE UNDERTAKEN USING A 1/20 SCALE MODEL TO DESIGN A SUITABLE PROTECTIVE BED IN THE VICINITY OF THE DISCHARGE STRUCTURES.A SCHEME CONSISTING OF FILTER CLOTH, MATTRESS STONE, AND COVER STONE WAS FOUND TO BE SUITABLE PROVIDING THE COVER STONE CONSISTED OF THE PROPER STONE DISTRIBUTION.SCOUR WAS FOUND AT THE JUNCTION OF THE BED WITH THE NATURAL BOTTOM BUT WAS NOT EXTENSIVE ENOUGH TO THREATEN THE INTEGRITY OF THE BED ITSELF.HYDRAULIC TESTS WERE UNDERTAKEN USING 1/75 SCALE MODELS OF THE PROPOSED DISCHARGE STRUCTURES FOR THEPURPOSE OF ACHIEVING SUITABLY UNIFORM EXIT VELOCITY DISTRIBUTIONS AND SUITABLY LOW FLOW LOSS COEFFICIENTS.A COMBINATION OF ELBOW VANES AND BEVELED TRANSITION SECTIONS WAS FOUND TO GIVE SATISFACTORY RESULTS FOR BOTH THE UNIT 1 TWO-PORT AND THE UNIT 2 THREE-PORT DESIGNS.TESTS WERE ALSO CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF INTERNAL SUPPORTS AND FINAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE ORIGINAL DESIGN AND ACTUAL INSTALLED CONFIGURATION.(A)