Orthogonal arrays for experiments with lean designs

A statistical experiment limited by practical constraints may have to be conducted with less than the number of runs required in a regular orthogonal array. When this is anticipated, a design matrix which is a submatrix of an orthogonal array may be constructed in a way that still permits useful estimation of a reduced number of effects. In this paper, the procedure for this design construction is proposed for two-level experiments, taking into account both the feasibility and efficiency of the resulting design.