pi * implied by pi SHAKEUP SATELLITES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE AND BONDING IN AROMATIC POLYMERS BY X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY.

The applications of ESCA to polymer surface analysis include the use of the secondary final-state effects which lead to satellite structure near the core-level photoemission (PE) lines. Specifically, unsaturated and aromatic functionalities in organic compounds an polymers lead to pi * implied by pi shakeup peaks of less than 10 ev lower kinetic energy (higher binding energy). In the surface analysis of polymers, these features can be utilized for qualitative analysis, identification of the presence and structure of aromatic bonding, and quantitative analysis in determining the amount of a particular block or the aromatic containing function in the near-surface region.