Race, Labor and Postbellum Capitalism in Du Bois’s ‘The Negro Worker in America’

In 1906, W.E.B. Du Bois published an article ‘L’Ouvrier Negre en Amerique’ (‘The Negro Worker in America’) which draws from original survey data and historical analysis to develop a theory of Black labors’ structural disadvantage in post Civil War US capitalism. ‘L’Ouvrier Negre en Amerique’ has essentially been forgotten. It has been accessible only to French speakers and has yet to be the subject of analysis or commentary. It deserves the full attention of not just Du Bois scholars, but all scholars who seek to understand the relationship between race, class, and capitalism in antebellum and post-Civil War America. Du Bois shows how White organized labor restricted Black workers’ access to union protections and the booming post-war labor market. His analysis highlights the interplay between racist ideology and the forces of racialized capitalism and reveals that the ‘early’ Du Bois critical, historical, materialist and attuned to socialist and labor politics.