Recent puzzles in the production of heavy quarkonia

Recently, several surprising experimental observations in the production of heavy quarkonium have been reported. In [Formula Presented] annihilation at [Formula Presented] GeV, the Belle Collaboration finds that [Formula Presented] mesons are predominantly produced in association with an extra [Formula Presented] pair, with [Formula Presented] and the BaBar Collaboration reports that the produced [Formula Presented]’s have mostly longitudinal polarization. In [Formula Presented] collisions at the Fermilab Tevatron, the CDF Collaboration reported an excess of [Formula Presented] and [Formula Presented] mesons at high [Formula Presented] over the perturbative QCD predictions; the nonperturbative approach of nonrelativistic QCD can accommodate the magnitude of the production cross section but not the observed experimental polarization of quarkonia. In this note we propose possible solutions to these puzzles and devise further experimental tests.