Regulation of mucosal B cell immunoglobulin secretion by intestinal epithelial cell-derived cytokines

Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) secrete a variety of cytokines and, because of their close proximity to B cells in the lamina propria, may affect local antibody production via these cytokines. However, studies have not yet addressed which and to what extent these IEC-derived cytokines may affect B cell antibody production. In this study, rat mesenteric lymph node B cells were cultured with culture supernatants from the rat IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cell line to determine their effect on immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion. Unstimulated IEC-6 cells were found to secrete sufficient levels of IL-6 to enhance IgA, IgG and IgM secretion by unstimulated B cells. However, culture of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated B cells, with the unstimulated IEC-6 supernatant resulted in an enhancement of IgA secretion while IgM secretion was significantly suppressed. Depletion of the IEC-6 supernatant using cytokine specific antibodies revealed that both interleukin 6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor β (TCF-β) were responsible for the enhanced IgA secretion while TGF-β suppressed IgM secretion. More importantly, culture supernatants from LPS stimulated IEC-6 cells contained enhanced levels of IL-6 which enhanced both IgG and IgA production and partially overcame the suppressive effect of TGF-β on IgM secretion. These results suggest that intestinal epithelial cells may secrete IL-6 and TGF-β to regulate local B cell antibody secretion and their effect may be highly dependent upon the activation state of the epithelial cells.