Search for Gravitational-lensing Signatures in the Full Third Observing Run of the LIGO-Virgo Network

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration the Virgo Collaboration and the KAGRA Collaboration

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad3e83

Search for Gravitational-lensing Signatures in the Full Third Observing Run of the LIGO-Virgo Network

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration the Virgo Collaboration and the KAGRA Collaboration

Applied Mathematics and Statistics

Stony Brook University

California Institute of Technology
Institute of Science Tokyo
University of Salerno
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
Monash University
Pennsylvania State University
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
Louisiana State University
Australian National University
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute)
Leibniz University Hannover
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics India
University of Cambridge
Friedrich Schiller University Jena
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais
Cardiff University
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
University of Turin
University of Glasgow
Université Savoie Mont Blanc
University of Naples Federico II
Maastricht University
National Institute for Subatomic Physics
The University of Tokyo
University of Barcelona
ICREA
Gran Sasso Science Institute
University of Udine
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Université Côte d'Azur
University of Amsterdam
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
University of Camerino
American University Washington DC
California State University Fullerton
Université Paris Cité
Université Paris-Saclay
European Gravitational Observatory
Georgia Institute of Technology
Hirosaki University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

64 Scopus citations

Abstract

Gravitational lensing by massive objects along the line of sight to the source causes distortions to gravitational wave (GW) signals; such distortions may reveal information about fundamental physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. In this work, we have extended the search for lensing signatures to all binary black hole events from the third observing run of the LIGO-Virgo network. We search for repeated signals from strong lensing by (1) performing targeted searches for subthreshold signals, (2) calculating the degree of overlap among the intrinsic parameters and sky location of pairs of signals, (3) comparing the similarities of the spectrograms among pairs of signals, and (4) performing dual-signal Bayesian analysis that takes into account selection effects and astrophysical knowledge. We also search for distortions to the gravitational waveform caused by (1) frequency-independent phase shifts in strongly lensed images, and (2) frequency-dependent modulation of the amplitude and phase due to point masses. None of these searches yields significant evidence for lensing. Finally, we use the nondetection of GW lensing to constrain the lensing rate based on the latest merger-rate estimates and the fraction of dark matter composed of compact objects.

Original language	English
Article number	191
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	970
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3e83
State	Published - Aug 1 2024

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@article{9b5a9b0d8c014e4c970c48e614b90abb,

title = "Search for Gravitational-lensing Signatures in the Full Third Observing Run of the LIGO-Virgo Network",

abstract = "Gravitational lensing by massive objects along the line of sight to the source causes distortions to gravitational wave (GW) signals; such distortions may reveal information about fundamental physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. In this work, we have extended the search for lensing signatures to all binary black hole events from the third observing run of the LIGO-Virgo network. We search for repeated signals from strong lensing by (1) performing targeted searches for subthreshold signals, (2) calculating the degree of overlap among the intrinsic parameters and sky location of pairs of signals, (3) comparing the similarities of the spectrograms among pairs of signals, and (4) performing dual-signal Bayesian analysis that takes into account selection effects and astrophysical knowledge. We also search for distortions to the gravitational waveform caused by (1) frequency-independent phase shifts in strongly lensed images, and (2) frequency-dependent modulation of the amplitude and phase due to point masses. None of these searches yields significant evidence for lensing. Finally, we use the nondetection of GW lensing to constrain the lensing rate based on the latest merger-rate estimates and the fraction of dark matter composed of compact objects.",

author = "\{The LIGO Scientific Collaboration the Virgo Collaboration and the KAGRA Collaboration\} and R. Abbott and H. Abe and F. Acernese and K. Ackley and S. Adhicary and N. Adhikari and Adhikari, \{R. X.\} and Adkins, \{V. K.\} and Adya, \{V. B.\} and C. Affeldt and D. Agarwal and M. Agathos and Aguiar, \{O. D.\} and L. Aiello and A. Ain and P. Ajith and T. Akutsu and S. Albanesi and Alfaidi, \{R. A.\} and C. All{\'e}n{\'e} and A. Allocca and Altin, \{P. A.\} and A. Amato and S. Anand and A. Ananyeva and Anderson, \{S. B.\} and Anderson, \{W. G.\} and M. Ando and T. Andrade and N. Andres and M. Andr{\'e}s-Carcasona and T. Andri{\'c} and S. Ansoldi and Antelis, \{J. M.\} and S. Antier and T. Apostolatos and Appavuravther, \{E. Z.\} and S. Appert and Apple, \{S. K.\} and K. Arai and A. Araya and Araya, \{M. C.\} and Areeda, \{J. S.\} and M. Ar{\`e}ne and N. Aritomi and N. Arnaud and M. Arogeti and Aronson, \{S. M.\} and H. Asada and C. Markakis",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024. The Author(s)",

year = "2024",

month = aug,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/ad3e83",

language = "English",

volume = "970",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

number = "2",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Search for Gravitational-lensing Signatures in the Full Third Observing Run of the LIGO-Virgo Network

AU - The LIGO Scientific Collaboration the Virgo Collaboration and the KAGRA Collaboration

AU - Abbott, R.

AU - Abe, H.

AU - Acernese, F.

AU - Ackley, K.

AU - Adhicary, S.

AU - Adhikari, N.

AU - Adhikari, R. X.

AU - Adkins, V. K.

AU - Adya, V. B.

AU - Affeldt, C.

AU - Agarwal, D.

AU - Agathos, M.

AU - Aguiar, O. D.

AU - Aiello, L.

AU - Ain, A.

AU - Ajith, P.

AU - Akutsu, T.

AU - Albanesi, S.

AU - Alfaidi, R. A.

AU - Alléné, C.

AU - Allocca, A.

AU - Altin, P. A.

AU - Amato, A.

AU - Anand, S.

AU - Ananyeva, A.

AU - Anderson, S. B.

AU - Anderson, W. G.

AU - Ando, M.

AU - Andrade, T.

AU - Andres, N.

AU - Andrés-Carcasona, M.

AU - Andrić, T.

AU - Ansoldi, S.

AU - Antelis, J. M.

AU - Antier, S.

AU - Apostolatos, T.

AU - Appavuravther, E. Z.

AU - Appert, S.

AU - Apple, S. K.

AU - Arai, K.

AU - Araya, A.

AU - Araya, M. C.

AU - Areeda, J. S.

AU - Arène, M.

AU - Aritomi, N.

AU - Arnaud, N.

AU - Arogeti, M.

AU - Aronson, S. M.

AU - Asada, H.

AU - Markakis, C.

PY - 2024/8/1

Y1 - 2024/8/1

N2 - Gravitational lensing by massive objects along the line of sight to the source causes distortions to gravitational wave (GW) signals; such distortions may reveal information about fundamental physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. In this work, we have extended the search for lensing signatures to all binary black hole events from the third observing run of the LIGO-Virgo network. We search for repeated signals from strong lensing by (1) performing targeted searches for subthreshold signals, (2) calculating the degree of overlap among the intrinsic parameters and sky location of pairs of signals, (3) comparing the similarities of the spectrograms among pairs of signals, and (4) performing dual-signal Bayesian analysis that takes into account selection effects and astrophysical knowledge. We also search for distortions to the gravitational waveform caused by (1) frequency-independent phase shifts in strongly lensed images, and (2) frequency-dependent modulation of the amplitude and phase due to point masses. None of these searches yields significant evidence for lensing. Finally, we use the nondetection of GW lensing to constrain the lensing rate based on the latest merger-rate estimates and the fraction of dark matter composed of compact objects.

AB - Gravitational lensing by massive objects along the line of sight to the source causes distortions to gravitational wave (GW) signals; such distortions may reveal information about fundamental physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. In this work, we have extended the search for lensing signatures to all binary black hole events from the third observing run of the LIGO-Virgo network. We search for repeated signals from strong lensing by (1) performing targeted searches for subthreshold signals, (2) calculating the degree of overlap among the intrinsic parameters and sky location of pairs of signals, (3) comparing the similarities of the spectrograms among pairs of signals, and (4) performing dual-signal Bayesian analysis that takes into account selection effects and astrophysical knowledge. We also search for distortions to the gravitational waveform caused by (1) frequency-independent phase shifts in strongly lensed images, and (2) frequency-dependent modulation of the amplitude and phase due to point masses. None of these searches yields significant evidence for lensing. Finally, we use the nondetection of GW lensing to constrain the lensing rate based on the latest merger-rate estimates and the fraction of dark matter composed of compact objects.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85201160074

U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/ad3e83

DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/ad3e83

M3 - Article

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 970

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 2

M1 - 191

ER -

Search for Gravitational-lensing Signatures in the Full Third Observing Run of the LIGO-Virgo Network

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