The phantom bounce: A new proposal for an oscillating cosmology

An oscillating universe cycles through a series of expansions and contractions. We propose a model in which “phantom” energy with a supernegative pressure (p < -ρ) grows rapidly and dominates the late-time expanding phase. The universe’s energy density is then so large that the effects of quantum gravity are important at both the beginning and the end of each expansion (or contraction). The bounce can be caused by high energy modifications to the Friedmann equation governing the expansion of the universe, which make the cosmology nonsingular. The classic black hole overproduction of oscillating universes is resolved due to their destruction by the phantom energy.