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The Simons Observatory: forecasted constraints on primordial gravitational waves with the expanded array of Small Aperture Telescopes

  • I. Abril-Cabezas
  • , A. Challinor
  • , P. Clarke
  • , W. Coulton
  • , C. Embil Villagra
  • , J. Fergusson
  • , L. Legrand
  • , F. McCarthy
  • , T. Namikawa
  • , N. Sailer
  • , P. Shellard
  • , B. Sherwin
  • , P. Suman
  • , I. Zubeldia
  • , I. Abril-Cabezas
  • , B. Bolliet
  • , A. Challinor
  • , P. Clarke
  • , W. Coulton
  • , J. Fergusson
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Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

We present updated forecasts for the scientific performance of the degree-scale (0.5 deg FWHM at 93 GHz), deep-field survey to be conducted by the Simons Observatory (SO). By 2027, the SO Small Aperture Telescope (SAT) complement will be doubled from three to six telescopes, including a doubling of the detector count in the 93 GHz and 145 GHz channels to 48,160 detectors. Combined with a planned extension of the survey duration to 2035, this expansion will significantly enhance SO's search for a B-mode signal in the polarisation of the cosmic microwave background, a potential signature of gravitational waves produced in the very early Universe. Assuming a 1/f noise model with knee multipole ℓknee = 50 and a moderately complex model for Galactic foregrounds, we forecast a 1σ (or 68% confidence level) constraint on the tensor-to-scalar ratio r of σr = 1.2 × 10-3, assuming no primordial B-modes are present. This forecast assumes that 70% of the B-mode lensing signal can ultimately be removed using high resolution observations from the SO Large Aperture Telescope (LAT) and overlapping large-scale structure surveys. For more optimistic assumptions regarding foregrounds and noise, and assuming the same level of delensing, this forecast constraint improves to σr = 7 × 10-4. These forecasts represent a major improvement in SO's constraining power, being a factor of around 2.5 times better than what could be achieved with the originally planned campaign, which assumed the existing three SATs would conduct a five-year survey.

Original languageEnglish
JournalJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
Volume2026
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 2026

Keywords

  • CMBR experiments
  • cosmological parameters from CMBR
  • gravitational waves and CMBR polarization

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