Use of 3D β-tricalcium phosphate (Vitoss®) scaffolds in repairing bone defects

Vitoss® is the most porous (90%) of a number of β-tricalcium phosphate osteoconductive bone fillers. Its inherent limitations are those of the calcium phosphate class, being a purely osteoconductive product without inherent structural stability and with a moderate resorption rate. Currently, a number of additives, composites and related compounds are under study at various stages. In animal experiments, Vitoss performs well in comparison with other synthetic grafts, and with marrow added in various ways, it rivals autograft. Clinical efficacy is established for Vitoss as a spinal graft extender, as well as for periodontal, dental and orthopedic tumor defects. Apart from recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor, clinical data is lacking on the addition of bone marrow, stem cells and growth factors.