Visual diagnosis: 6-Month-old boy with strange body movements

Infantile spasms should be suspected in any infant or child with repeated flexor or extensor contractions of the body. It is frequently misdiagnosed as other common pediatric disorders, including gastroesophageal reflux, colic, spasticity, and benign myoclonus of infancy. On clinical suspicion, prompt referral to a pediatric neurologist should be made and an EEG performed to confirm the diagnosis. Early treatment is the key to limit potential long-term sequelae.